/* ==========================================================================
   Root Variables
   ========================================================================== */
:root {
  /* ==========================================================================
     Global Color System
     Used as the base palette for every component
     ========================================================================== */
  --color-bg: #000000;
  --color-bg-elevated: #1b1b1b;
  --color-surface: #0c0c0c;
  --color-surface-soft: #272727;

  /* Shared borders and text */
  --color-border: #202020;
  --color-border-hover: #404040;
  --color-text: #f3f5f8;
  --color-text-muted: #a6a6a6;
  --color-text-dim: #a6a6a6;
  --color-accent: #dddddd;
  --color-accent-strong: #ffffff;

  /* ==========================================================================
     Typography Tokens
     ========================================================================== */
  --font-display: "Manrope", sans-serif;
  --font-body: "Manrope", sans-serif;
  --font-weight-display: 400;
  --font-weight-body: 200;

  /* ==========================================================================
     Layout Tokens
     ========================================================================== */
  --container-max: 1120px;
  --radius-lg: 16px;
  --radius-md: 12px;
  --radius-pill: 999px;
  --section-space: 9rem;

  /* ==========================================================================
     Motion / Effects
     ========================================================================== */
  --shadow-soft: 0 14px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
  --shadow-elevated: 0 18px 45px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
  --transition: 180ms ease;

  /* ==========================================================================
     Button Tokens
     Controls all .btn variants
     ========================================================================== */
  --btn-border: var(--color-border);
  --btn-primary-text: #090909;
  --btn-primary-border: #b9b9b9;
  --btn-primary-bg-start: #f7f7f7;
  --btn-primary-bg-end: #cfcfcf;
  --btn-primary-hover-bg-start: #ffffff;
  --btn-primary-hover-bg-end: #d9d9d9;
  --btn-ghost-text: var(--color-text);
  --btn-ghost-bg-start: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  --btn-ghost-bg-end: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
  --btn-ghost-hover-bg-start: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  --btn-ghost-hover-bg-end: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  --btn-sheen: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);

  /* ==========================================================================
     Card Tokens
     Used by generic cards, overview cards, and highlighted project cards
     ========================================================================== */
  --card-bg-start: #111111;
  --card-bg-mid: #1a1a1a;
  --card-bg-end: #202020;
  --card-border: var(--color-border);
  --card-border-hover: var(--color-border-hover);
  --card-hover-shadow: var(--shadow-elevated);

  --overview-card-border: #2f2f2f;
  --overview-card-bg-start: #171717;
  --overview-card-bg-mid: #121212;
  --overview-card-bg-end: #0c0c0c;
  --overview-card-highlight: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
  --overview-card-highlight-fade: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);
  --overview-card-sheen: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
  --overview-meta-color: #bdbdbd;
  --overview-line-color: #7a7a7a;
  --overview-body-color: #a8a8a8;
  --overview-hover-border: #707070;
  --overview-hover-shadow: 0 26px 54px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);

  --highlight-card-bg-start: #111111;
  --highlight-card-bg-mid: #171717;
  --highlight-card-bg-end: #1f1f1f;
  --highlight-image-bg-start: #121212;
  --highlight-image-bg-end: #1a1a1a;
  --highlight-text-bg-start: #2a2a2a;
  --highlight-text-bg-end: #353535;
  --highlight-link-text: #f0f0f0;
  --highlight-link-hover-text: #ffffff;
  --highlight-body-text: #ececec;
  --highlight-hover-border: #707070;
  --highlight-hover-shadow: 0 26px 54px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);

  /* ==========================================================================
     Accordion Tokens
     Controls project accordion container, rows, and table styles
     ========================================================================== */
  --accordion-border: var(--color-border);
  --accordion-border-hover: var(--highlight-hover-border);
  --accordion-bg-start: var(--highlight-card-bg-start);
  --accordion-bg-mid: var(--highlight-card-bg-mid);
  --accordion-bg-end: var(--highlight-card-bg-end);
  --accordion-highlight: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  --accordion-highlight-fade: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);
  --accordion-hover-shadow: var(--highlight-hover-shadow);
  --accordion-trigger-text: var(--color-accent-strong);
  --accordion-trigger-icon: var(--color-text-dim);
  --accordion-row-border: var(--color-border);
  --accordion-header-text: var(--color-text-dim);
  --accordion-body-text: var(--color-text-muted);
  --accordion-link-text: var(--color-accent-strong);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Base / Reset
   ========================================================================== */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-weight: var(--font-weight-body);
  color: var(--color-text);
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% -15%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 36%), var(--color-bg);
  line-height: 1.6;
  scroll-padding-top: 96px;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: var(--font-weight-display);
  margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  text-align: center;
}

h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.8rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

p {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Shared Layout
   ========================================================================== */
.container {
  width: 55%;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.section {
  padding: var(--section-space) 0;
}

.alt {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.01), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding-bottom: 250px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

#publications.alt {
  border-top: 0;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.6vw, 2.5rem);
}

.section-intro {
  max-width: 66ch;
  margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.narrow {
  max-width: 780px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Header / Navigation
   ========================================================================== */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  background: rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.76);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.nav-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 72px;
}

.brand {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-list a {
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}

.nav-list a:hover {
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Hero
   ========================================================================== */
.hero {
  padding-top: 19.2rem;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  justify-items: center;
}

.hero-copy {
  padding-top: 0.8rem;
  max-width: 64ch;
}

.kicker {
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
  text-align: center;
}

.lead {
  max-width: 54ch;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Buttons
   ========================================================================== */
/* Button base: shared shell for all button variants */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.74rem 1.28rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-pill);
  border: 1px solid var(--btn-border);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform var(--transition), background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.btn::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, transparent 35%, var(--btn-sheen), transparent 65%);
  transform: translateX(-130%);
  transition: transform 420ms ease;
}

.btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-elevated);
}

.btn:hover::after {
  transform: translateX(120%);
}

/* Primary call-to-action button */
.btn.primary {
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--btn-primary-bg-start), var(--btn-primary-bg-end));
  color: var(--btn-primary-text);
  border-color: var(--btn-primary-border);
}

.btn.primary:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--btn-primary-hover-bg-start), var(--btn-primary-hover-bg-end));
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
}

/* Secondary/ghost action button */
.btn.ghost {
  border-color: var(--btn-border);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--btn-ghost-bg-start), var(--btn-ghost-bg-end));
  color: var(--btn-ghost-text);
}

.btn.ghost:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--btn-ghost-hover-bg-start), var(--btn-ghost-hover-bg-end));
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Cards / Content Blocks
   ========================================================================== */
/* Grid shells for card layouts */
.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.card-grid.two {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card-grid.three {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.card,
.project-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--card-bg-start), var(--card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--card-bg-end));
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 1.15rem 1.1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.card p,
.project-card p {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

#overview .card-grid.three {
  gap: 1.25rem;
  overflow: visible;
}

/* Overview card style in the High-Level Overview section */
.overview-card {
  min-height: 275px;
  border: 1px solid var(--overview-card-border);
  border-radius: 28px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% -10%, var(--overview-card-highlight), var(--overview-card-highlight-fade) 44%),
    linear-gradient(165deg, var(--overview-card-bg-start), var(--overview-card-bg-mid) 58%, var(--overview-card-bg-end));
  padding: 2.2rem 1.8rem 1.9rem;
  display: grid;
  align-content: start;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 240ms ease, border-color 240ms ease, box-shadow 240ms ease;
}

.overview-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, transparent 20%, var(--overview-card-sheen), transparent 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-40%);
  transition: opacity 260ms ease, transform 260ms ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.overview-meta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--overview-meta-color);
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-align: left;
}

.overview-line {
  width: 58px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--overview-line-color);
}

.overview-card h3 {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.overview-card > p:last-child {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 30ch;
}

/* Highlighted project cards inside the Projects section */
.highlighted-card {
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--highlight-card-bg-start), var(--highlight-card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--highlight-card-bg-end));
  padding: 1rem;
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 240ms ease, border-color 240ms ease, box-shadow 240ms ease;
}

.highlight-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.highlight-image-card {
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--highlight-image-bg-start), var(--highlight-image-bg-end));
  overflow: hidden;
  height: 150px;
}

.highlight-image-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: inherit;
  filter: grayscale(5%) opacity(0.5);
}

.highlight-text-card {
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--highlight-text-bg-start), var(--highlight-text-bg-end));
  padding: 0.95rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-content: start;
}

.highlight-title-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}

.highlight-text-card h3 {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin: 0;
}

.highlight-text-card p {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.highlight-link {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: transform var(--transition), filter var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}

.highlight-link:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  filter: brightness(1.08);
  color: var(--highlight-link-hover-text);
}

.project-card,
.card,
.narrow {
  text-align: center;
}

.card:not(.overview-card):hover,
.project-card:hover,
.link-item:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
  border-color: var(--card-border-hover);
  box-shadow: var(--card-hover-shadow);
}

#overview .overview-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.06);
  z-index: 3;
  border-color: var(--overview-hover-border);
  box-shadow: var(--overview-hover-shadow);
}

#overview .overview-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateX(15%);
}

#projects .highlighted-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.06);
  z-index: 3;
  border-color: var(--highlight-hover-border);
  box-shadow: var(--highlight-hover-shadow);
}

.project-accordion {
  margin-top: 2.2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  max-height: 5000px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 420ms ease, margin-top 300ms ease;
}

#projects .project-accordion.is-collapsed {
  max-height: 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.project-group-tabs {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 1rem;
}

.project-group-btn {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--card-bg-start), var(--card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--card-bg-end));
  color: var(--color-text);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 0.95rem 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), background var(--transition), color var(--transition), transform var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.project-group-btn:hover {
  border-color: var(--card-border-hover);
  transform: scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: var(--card-hover-shadow);
}

.project-group-btn.is-active {
  border-color: var(--card-border-hover);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--card-bg-start), var(--card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--card-bg-end));
  color: var(--color-text);
  box-shadow: var(--card-hover-shadow);
}

.project-slideshow {
  margin: 1.1rem auto 2rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.slideshow-viewport {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--highlight-card-bg-start), var(--highlight-card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--highlight-card-bg-end));
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
}

.slideshow-viewport::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 2;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 40%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.66) 100%),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.94), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 28%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 72%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.94));
}

.slideshow-track {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transition: transform 420ms ease;
}

.slideshow-slide {
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  margin: 0;
  height: 100%;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background: #000;
}

.slideshow-slide img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  filter: saturate(0.95) contrast(1.03);
}

.slideshow-slide video {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  filter: saturate(0.95) contrast(1.03);
}

.slideshow-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1);
  z-index: 4;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid #d7d7d7;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform var(--transition), background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

.slideshow-arrow-prev {
  left: 1.1rem;
}

.slideshow-arrow-next {
  right: 1.1rem;
}

.slideshow-arrow:hover {
  transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.08);
  background: rgba(12, 12, 12, 0.85);
  border-color: #ffffff;
}

.slideshow-caption {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1.2rem;
  bottom: 1rem;
  z-index: 4;
  max-width: min(42ch, 70%);
  text-align: left;
}

.slideshow-caption h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.28rem;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 1.6vw, 1.15rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.slideshow-caption p {
  text-align: left;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-size: clamp(0.72rem, 1.1vw, 0.9rem);
  line-height: 1.35;
}

#publications .project-accordion {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Accordion Lists
   ========================================================================== */
.accordion-item {
  margin-top: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accordion-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% -18%, var(--accordion-highlight), var(--accordion-highlight-fade) 45%),
    linear-gradient(165deg, var(--accordion-bg-start), var(--accordion-bg-mid) 58%, var(--accordion-bg-end));
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.accordion-item:hover {
  transform: none;
  border-color: var(--accordion-border-hover);
  box-shadow: var(--accordion-hover-shadow);
}

.accordion-trigger {
  width: 100%;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.95rem 2.35rem;
  color: var(--accordion-trigger-text);
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.accordion-trigger::after {
  content: "+";
  position: absolute;
  right: 1rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--accordion-trigger-icon);
}

.accordion-item.is-open .accordion-trigger::after {
  content: "-";
}

.accordion-panel {
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 420ms ease, opacity 320ms ease;
}

.accordion-item.is-open .accordion-panel {
  opacity: 1;
}

.accordion-panel-inner {
  padding: 0 1rem 1rem;
}

.accordion-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.accordion-table th,
.accordion-table td {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--accordion-row-border);
  padding: 0.65rem 0.4rem;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.accordion-table th {
  color: var(--accordion-header-text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.accordion-table td {
  color: var(--accordion-body-text);
}

.accordion-table td a {
  color: var(--accordion-link-text);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

#publications .accordion-table {
  table-layout: fixed;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

#publications .accordion-table th,
#publications .accordion-table td {
  padding: 0.5rem 0.35rem;
}

#publications .accordion-table th:nth-child(1),
#publications .accordion-table td:nth-child(1) {
  width: 22%;
}

#publications .accordion-table th:nth-child(2),
#publications .accordion-table td:nth-child(2) {
  width: 60%;
}

#publications .accordion-table th:nth-child(3),
#publications .accordion-table td:nth-child(3) {
  width: 18%;
}

#publications .accordion-table td:nth-child(2) {
  word-break: break-word;
}

.publication-meta {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.publication-summary {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--accordion-body-text);
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.publication-open {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.42rem 0.78rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-pill);
  border: 1px solid var(--accordion-border);
  color: var(--accordion-link-text);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}

.publication-open:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  color: var(--color-accent-strong);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Publications
   ========================================================================== */

.publication-feature {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0.8rem auto 2.1rem;
  min-height: 190px;
  max-width: 960px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.quote-cloud {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  justify-items: center;
}

.quote-cloud span {
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.8;
  animation: quote-float 5.6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.quote-cloud span:nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: 0.7s;
}

.quote-cloud span:nth-child(3) {
  animation-delay: 1.4s;
}

.quote-cloud span:nth-child(4) {
  animation-delay: 2.1s;
}

.spinning-card-wrap {
  perspective: 1200px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.spinning-card {
  position: relative;
  width: clamp(230px, 26vw, 300px);
  aspect-ratio: 10 / 12;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  animation: spin-y 9s linear infinite;
}

.spin-face {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: grid;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
}

.spin-back {
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

.spin-card-shell {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, var(--highlight-card-bg-start), var(--highlight-card-bg-mid) 52%, var(--highlight-card-bg-end));
  padding: 0.72rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  align-content: start;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.spin-image-placeholder {
  min-height: 125px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 24% 18%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 46%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--highlight-image-bg-start), var(--highlight-image-bg-end));
}

.spin-text-card {
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--highlight-text-bg-start), var(--highlight-text-bg-end));
  padding: 0.62rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.38rem;
  align-content: start;
}

.spin-text-card h3 {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.spin-text-card p {
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--highlight-body-text);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

@keyframes spin-y {
  0% {
    transform: rotateY(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotateY(360deg);
  }
}

@keyframes quote-float {
  0%,
  100% {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 0.72;
  }
  50% {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.pub-slider {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  
  background: var(--color-bg);
  padding: 1rem 0;
}

.pub-slider::before,
.pub-slider::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  height: 100%;
  width: 72px;
  z-index: 2;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pub-slider::before {
  left: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
}

.pub-slider::after {
  right: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
}

.pub-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: max-content;
  will-change: transform;
}

.pub-item {
  width: 150px;
  min-height: 168px;
  background: var(--color-bg);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.7rem;
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}

.pub-item:hover {
  transform: scale(1.03);
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
}

.publication-icon {
  width: 100px;
  height: 200px;
  background-image: url("assets/publication-icon.png");
  background-size: contain;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
}

.publication-icon::after {
  content: none;
}

.pub-caption {
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
}

.pub-more {
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(4px);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 260ms ease, opacity 260ms ease, transform 260ms ease;
}

.pub-item:hover .pub-more {
  max-height: 60px;
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Link Tiles
   ========================================================================== */
.link-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.link-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 150px;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #171717, #121212);
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: transform var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), background var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition);
}

.link-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-border-hover);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #202020, #151515);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Footer
   ========================================================================== */
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 1.4rem 0 1.8rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--color-text-dim);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   PDF Modal
   ========================================================================== */
body.modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pdf-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  display: none;
  z-index: 60;
}

.pdf-modal.is-open {
  display: block;
}

.pdf-modal-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.78);
}

.pdf-modal-content {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: min(92vw, 980px);
  height: min(88vh, 760px);
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #111111;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
}

.pdf-modal-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.95rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: var(--color-bg-elevated);
}

.pdf-modal-header h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.pdf-close {
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  background: #1e1e1e;
  color: var(--color-text);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.pdf-close:hover {
  border-color: #777777;
}

.pdf-frame {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
  background: #1a1a1a;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Scroll Reveal
   ========================================================================== */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(18px);
  transition: opacity 600ms ease, transform 600ms ease;
}

.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html,
  body {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
    transition: none;
  }

  .pub-track {
    animation: none;
  }

  .spinning-card,
  .quote-cloud span {
    animation: none;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Responsive
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  .publication-feature {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.95rem;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .quote-cloud {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.45rem;
  }

  .quote-cloud span {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .slideshow-viewport,
  .slideshow-slide,
  .slideshow-slide img,
  .slideshow-slide video {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .card-grid.three {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .project-group-tabs {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .link-item {
    min-width: 140px;
  }

  .highlight-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .highlight-text-card p {
    text-align: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root {
    --section-space: 6rem;
  }

  .publication-feature {
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  }

  .quote-cloud span:nth-child(4),
  .quote-cloud span:nth-child(3) {
    display: none;
  }

  .quote-cloud {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .project-slideshow {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .project-group-tabs {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .slideshow-arrow {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    font-size: 1.7rem;
    border-width: 1px;
  }

  .slideshow-arrow-prev {
    left: 0.55rem;
  }

  .slideshow-arrow-next {
    right: 0.55rem;
  }

  .slideshow-caption {
    left: 0.75rem;
    right: 0.75rem;
    max-width: 85%;
  }

  .overview-card {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 1.6rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
  }

  .overview-meta {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .overview-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.85rem;
  }

  .overview-card > p:last-child {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
  }

  .hero {
    padding-top: 8rem;
  }

  .nav-wrap {
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 0;
  }

  .nav-list {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    row-gap: 0.55rem;
  }

  .card-grid.two,
  .card-grid.three {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .link-item {
    width: min(100%, 280px);
  }

  .pub-item {
    width: 132px;
    min-height: 154px;
  }

  .accordion-table {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  .accordion-table th,
  .accordion-table td {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.3rem;
  }

  .pdf-modal-content {
    width: min(96vw, 980px);
    height: min(88vh, 760px);
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   PARALLAX VIDEO FIELD (RESET + FIXED)
   ========================================================================== */

.parallax-section {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 80vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-top: 0;
  margin-top: 200px;
  margin-bottom: 250px;
}

 /* vignette */
.parallax-section::before,
.parallax-section::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100px;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 50;
}

.parallax-section::before {
  top: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95),
    rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
  );
}

.parallax-section::after {
  bottom: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to top,
    rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95),
    rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
  );
}

.parallax-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 55%;
  height: 70vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.parallax-stage {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 140vh;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  perspective: 1200px;
}

/* center text overlay */
.parallax-center-text {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 60ch;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.parallax-title {
  z-index: 1;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.6rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.parallax-subtitle {
  color: var(--color-text-muted);
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* card */
.parallax-card {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 200px;
  aspect-ratio: 0.67;
  border-radius: 28px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--overview-card-border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  will-change: transform;
  background: #111;

  transform-origin: center;
}

/* video fill */
.parallax-card video {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* depth styling */
.parallax-front {
  z-index: 10;
  filter: brightness(0.33);
}

.parallax-mid {
  z-index: 5;
  filter: brightness(0.33);
}

.parallax-back {
  z-index: 2;
  filter: brightness(0.33);
}